American Sociological Association guidelines state that in-text citations include the last name of the author(s) and year of publication. Include page numbers when quoting directly from a work or referring to specific passages. Identify subsequent citations of the same source in the same way as the first. Examples follow: If the author’s name is in the text, follow it with the publication year in parentheses: …in another study by Duncan (1959).
A reference list follows the text and footnotes in a separate section headed References. All references cited in the text must be listed in the reference section, and vice versa. References should be double-spaced and in alphabetical order by the first author’s last name. Include first names and surnames for all authors. Use first-name initials only if an author used initials in the original publication.
Book Example:
Bursik, Robert J., Jr., and Harold G. Grasmick. 1993. Neighborhoods and Crime: The Dimensions of Effective Community Control. New York: Lexington Books.
Journal Example:
Aseltine, Robert H., Jr. and Ronald C. Kessler. 1993. “Marital Disruption and Depression in a Community Sample.” Journal of Health and Social Behavior 34(3):237-51.