CPS Online Library and Learning Services

Citation Machine is a simple tool that will create your in-text citations, reference citations, and reference pages.

Learn how to use citation machine by reviewing our tutorial:

Below is a template and video guide to create APA papers. For additional writing help, visit this page. 

ATTEND SECTION

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname, Year)

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Lecture Title [Format].

Learning Management System. URL.

Examples:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Bethel University, 2020)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Bethel University, 2020)

Reference:

Bethel University. (2020). Orientation to Online Learning [Video]. VCamp.

https://www.betheluniversityonline.net/.

ATTEND SECTION WITH NO AUTHOR OR DATE

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Lecture Title, n.d.)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Lecture Title, n.d.)

Reference:

Lecture Title [Format]. (n.d.) Learning Management System. URL.

Examples:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Critical Thinking for Managers, n.d.)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): Critical Thinking for Managers, n.d.)

Reference:

Critical Thinking for Managers [Video]. (n.d.) VCamp.

https://www.betheluniversityonline.net/.

BIBLE, SACRED, OR CLASSICAL WORK

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Translation, Original Publication Date/Edition Publication Date, Name of Book Chapter: Verse)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Translation, Original Publication Date/Edition Publication Date, Name of Book Chapter: Verse)

Reference:

Translation. (Edition Publication Date). Name of Source. URL. (Original work published Date)

Example

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (King James Bible, 1769/2020, John 3:16)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (King James Bible, 1769/2020, John 3:16)

Reference:

King James Bible. (2020). King James Bible Online. https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org/

(Original work published 1769)

ONLINE BOOK

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname, Year, page number)

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle [Version]. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxx OR URL

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Ochs, 2004)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Ochs, 2004, p. 55)

Reference:

Ochs, S. (2004). A history of nerve functions: From animal spirits to molecular mechanisms [eBook version]. http://www.ebrary.com/corp/

ARTICLE OR CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname [of Chapter or Article], Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname [of Chapter or Article], Year, page number)

Reference:

Author Surname [of Chapter or Article], First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Article or chapter title. In Editor First

     Initial. Second Initial. Surname (Ed.), Book title: Subtitle (page range of article or chapter). Publisher.

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Lawrence & Dodds, 2003)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Lawrence & Dodds, 2003, p. 1)

Reference:

Lawrence, J. A., &  Dodds, A. E. (2003). Goal-directed activities and life-span development. In J. Valsiner &

     K. Connolly (Eds.), Handbook of developmental psychology (pp. 517-533). Sage Publications.

BOOK EDITION OTHER THAN THE FIRST

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname, Year, page number)

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book title: Subtitle (# ed.). Publisher.

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Lawrence, 2003)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Lawrence, 2003, p. 1)

Reference:

Lawrence, J. A. (2003). Handbook of developmental psychology (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.

CASE STUDY

APA does not have specific guidelines for referencing a case study. The format depends on where the case study was found. For example, if you found the case study in a journal article by one author, follow the APA guidelines to cite a journal article by one author.

ONLINE DICTIONARY, ENCYCLOPEDIA, REFERENCE BOOK

General Format:

NOTE: If the author's name is not provided, use the title of the entry at the front of the citation or reference. For example: (feminism, 2003).

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname, Year, page number [if available])

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year; if not known, put n.d.). Title of entry. In Editor First Initial. Second

     Initial. Surname (Ed.), Title of reference work (edition, Vol. #). URL

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Graham, 2005)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Graham, 2005)

Reference:

Graham, G. (2005). Behaviorism. In E. N. Zalta (Ed.), The Stanford encyclopedia of philosophy (Fall 2007 ed.).

     http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/behaviorism/

INTERVIEW

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Interviewee First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Interviewee First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)

Reference:

NOTE: Personal interviews are not included in the reference list because they do not provide recoverable data. Cite them in text only. If the interview is published, like in a TV program or podcast, follow the guidelines for those formats.

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Y. Martel, personal communication, April 15, 2005)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Y. Martel, personal communication, April 15, 2005)

Reference:

Not included for personal interviews. If the interview is published, follow the guideline for that format type.

SUPREME COURT CASE

In-Text Citation: (Name v. Name, Year)

Reference: Name v. Name, Volume Source Page (Date). URL

Example: 

In-Text Citation:  (United States v. Lane, 1986).

Reference:

United States v. Lane, 474 U.S. 438 (1986). https://supreme.justia.com/cases/federal/us/474/438/

STATE COURT CASE

In-Text Citation: (Name v. Name, Year)

Reference:

Name v. Name, Volume Reporter Page (Court Year). URL

Example:

In-Text Citation: (Smith v. Doe, 2014).

Reference:

People v. Armour, 590 S.W. 61 (Tenn. 1999). https://casetext.com/case/state-v-huskey-3

ONLINE GOVERNMENT DOCUMENT

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Government Author, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Government Author, Year, page or paragraph number [if available])

Reference:

Government Name. Name of Government Agency. (Year). Title of document: Subtitle (Report No.  xxx [if available]). URL of specific document

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2003)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2003)

Reference:

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood

     Institute. (2003). Managing asthma: A guide for schools (NIH publication No. 02-2650). 

     http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/prof/lung/asthma/asth_sch.pdf

BOOK: NO AUTHOR

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Book title [usually shortened], Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Book title [usually shortened], Year, page number)

Reference:

Book title: Subtitle. (Year). Publisher.

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Merriam-Webster's, 2005)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Merriam-Webster's, 2005, p. 3)

Reference:

Merriam-Webster's collegiate dictionary (11th ed.). (2005). Merriam-Webster.

WEBSITE: NO AUTHOR

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): ("Title of specific document," Year)

NOTE: If the title of a document is long, use a shortened version for the in-text citations.

In-Text Citation (Quotation): ("Title of specific document," Year, page or paragraph number [if available])

Reference:

Title of specific document. (Last update or copyright date; if not known, put n.d.). In Title of website. URL of specific document

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): ("Neurology," n.d.)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): ("Neurology", n.d.)

Reference:

Neurology. (n.d.). In Neurology 101. http://neurology101.org

NEWSPAPER ARTICLE

In-Text Citation:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname, Year, page number)

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year, Month Day). Article title: Subtitle. Newspaper Title, page range. URL [if viewed online]

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Severson & Martin, 2009)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Severson & Martin, 2009, para. 2)

Reference:

Severson, K. &, Martin, A. (2009, March 3). It's organic, but does that mean it's safer? The New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com

ELECTRONIC IMAGE

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Artist Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Artist Surname, Year)

Reference:

Artist Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title of the artwork [Format]. URL

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Di Carpi, 1540)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Di Carpi, 1540)

Reference:

Di Carpi, G. (1540). The holy family [image]. http://www.getty.edu/art/collections/objects

EMAIL

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Sender First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Sender First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)

Reference:

NOTE: E-mails are not included in the reference list because they do not provide recoverable data.

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (L. Hatcher, personal communication, March 27, 2009)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (L. Hatcher, personal communication, March 27, 2009)

Reference:

Not included.

SECONDARY SOURCES

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year qtd. as cited in Author Surname [of the source you read], Year)

Reference:

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial [of the source you read]. (Year). Book title: Subtitle. Publisher.

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Fong, 1987, as cited in Bertram, 1996)

Reference:

Do not include Fong (1987) in your References; do include Bertram (1996).

YOUR PREVIOUS WORK

To use writing that you have submitted in a previous class or for a work project, first ask your facilitator for permission. If permission is granted, cite yourself as you would another author following the guidelines below. The publication year is the year you previously submitted the assignment.

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year)

In-Text Citation (Quotation): (Author Surname, Year, p. XYZ)

Reference: Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title [Unpublished manuscript]. Bethel University.

Example:

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Park, 2019) 

Reference: Park, E. E. (2019). Cognitive theory of multimedia learning [Unpublished manuscript]. Bethel University.

POWERPOINT

In-Text Citation (Paraphrase): (Author Surname, Year)